Macintosh Explorer Aqua gives Macintosh Explorer a cool new Aqua look and feel. It changes the buttons in the Explorer Window to Aqua style. Mac Explorer is a file browser and management tool that brings a hierarchal navigation system to the Mac. The first ever Mac OS X file browser to offer tabbed file browsing, Thumbnail previews of pictures files and filter based file browser, Mac Explorer offers a totally new and unique file browsing experience.
- The Explorer (eshan Awasthi) Mac Os 13
- The Explorer (eshan Awasthi) Mac Os Catalina
- The Explorer (eshan Awasthi) Mac Os 7
Joseph Christian R. Dolores*, Marco A. Galang, and Jan Joseph V. Dida
The Explorer (eshan Awasthi) Mac Os 13
Institute of Renewable Natural Resources
College of Forestry and Natural Resources
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4030 Philippines
College of Forestry and Natural Resources
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4030 Philippines
The Explorer (eshan Awasthi) Mac Os Catalina
*Corresponding Author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Reforestation activities were employed in several locations of the Philippines due to deforestation. However, many of these efforts fail because of various reasons, one of which is the poor selection of species. This study aimed to improve chances of success of reforestation in one of the critical watersheds in the Philippines, the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed (PCW), through a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based species-site suitability assessment of selected native tree species. Thematic maps of soil properties, climate, topography, and biotic conditions were generated for the watershed. The silvical requirements of the selected native species were also established through a literature review. Thereafter, a species-site suitability analysis was done using a GIS platform with the importance of each site feature given different weights through an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), an approach that hasn’t been done in previous GIS-based species-site suitability assessment. Results showed that of the three species analyzed, “akle” [Albizia acle (Blanco) Merr.] was found to be the most suitable in the site, with 53% of the watershed falling under high suitability class, while “dita” [Alstonia scholaris (L) R. Br.] and “almaciga” [Agathis philippinensis (Warb.)] were both found to be suitable to the identified reforestation areas of PCW, signifying that they are able to potentially survive within the existing environmental conditions of the site. The generated spatial distribution maps of species-site suitability can serve as guides to the managers of the watershed in future reforestation activities.
REFERENCES
The Explorer (eshan Awasthi) Mac Os 7
AKINCI H, OZALP AY, TURGUT B. 2013. Agricultural land use suitability analysis using GIS and AHP technique. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 97: 71–82.
AL GARNI HZ, AWASTHI A. 2017. Solar PV power plant site selection using a GIS-AHP based approach with application in Saudi Arabia. Applied Energy 206: 1225–1240.
ALONSO JA, LAMATA MA. 2006. Consistency in the analytic hierarchy process: a new approach. International Journal of Uncertainty 14(4): 445–459.
ARIZAPA JL, COMBALICER EA, TIBURAN CL. 2015. Landslide susceptibility mapping of Pagsanjan-Lumban watershed using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Ecosystems and Development Journal 5(3): 23–32.
CARANDANG WM, LASCO RD. 1998. Successful reforestation in the Philippines: technical considerations. Mega Issues in Philippine Forestry: Key Policies and Programs. p. 49–59.
[ERDB] Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau. 2013. Compilation of selected forest tree species, Vol 25 No. 2 and 3. Research Information Series on Ecosystems (RISE). ERDB, College 4031, Laguna, Philippines.
[ESRI] Environmental Systems Research Institute. 1995–2017. ArcGIS Help Library, Berkeley, CA.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 1976. A Framework for Land Evaluation. Rome: FAO.
GALANG MA. 2010. GIS-Aided Suitability Assessment of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve (MFR), Philippines for Smooth Narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.). USRM R&D 18(1): 67–72.
HLÁSNY T, KOČICKÝ D, MARETTA M, SITKOVÁ Z, BARKA I, KONÔPKA M, HLAVATÁ H. 2015. Effect of deforestation on watershed water balance: hydrological modelling-based approach. Lesn Cas For J 61: 89–100.
JOHNSON MP, BEDELL T. 2002. Watershed function. Agriculture and Natural Resources 10(1): 1–4.
KARA C, DORATLI N. 2012. Application of GIS/AHP in siting sanitary landfill: a case study in Northern Cyprus. Waste Management and Research 30(9): 966–980.
KLISKEY AD, LOFROTH EC, THOMPSON WA, BROWN S, SCHREIER H. 1999. Simulating and evaluating alternative resource-use strategies using GIS-based habitat suitability indices. Landscape and Urban Planning 45(4): 163–175.
KOZLOWSKI TT, KRAMER PJ, PALLARD SG. 1991. The physiological ecology of woody plants. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc.
LIU J, LI J, LIU J, CAO R. 2008. Integrated GIS/AHP-based flood risk assessment: a case study of Huaihe River Basin in China. Journal of Natural Disasters 17: 110–114.
[NRC] National Research Council. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
PALIJON AM. 2018. Foundation of silviculture. Lecture Manual: Silvics. College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños.
PERAS RJJ, PULHIN JM, LASCO RD, CRUZ RVO, PULHIN FB. 2008. Climate variability and extremes in the Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed, Philippines: assessment of impacts and adaptation practices. Journal of Environmental Science and Management 11(2): 14–31.
[PhilRice] Philippine Rice Research Institute. 2014. Soil Series Information System. Muñoz, Philippines: Information Systems Division.
PULHIN JM, PERAS RJJ, CRUZ RVO, LASCO RD, PULHIN FB, TAPIA MA. 2006. Vulnerability of communities to climate variability and extremes: the Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed in the Philippines. Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (44): 1–37.
SAATY TL. 1980. The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw Hill.
SANDOVAL JA, TIBURAN CL. 2019. Identification of potential groundwater recharge sites in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Applied Geography 105: 73–85.
SARMIENTO RT, CASAS JV. 2015. GIS-aided suitability assessment of Mt. Mayapay Watershed in Butuan City, Agusan del Norte. Annals of Studies in Science and Humanities 1(1): 46–60.
SHUKLA S. 2004. Watersheds: functions and management. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension. p. 1–5.
AL GARNI HZ, AWASTHI A. 2017. Solar PV power plant site selection using a GIS-AHP based approach with application in Saudi Arabia. Applied Energy 206: 1225–1240.
ALONSO JA, LAMATA MA. 2006. Consistency in the analytic hierarchy process: a new approach. International Journal of Uncertainty 14(4): 445–459.
ARIZAPA JL, COMBALICER EA, TIBURAN CL. 2015. Landslide susceptibility mapping of Pagsanjan-Lumban watershed using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Ecosystems and Development Journal 5(3): 23–32.
CARANDANG WM, LASCO RD. 1998. Successful reforestation in the Philippines: technical considerations. Mega Issues in Philippine Forestry: Key Policies and Programs. p. 49–59.
[ERDB] Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau. 2013. Compilation of selected forest tree species, Vol 25 No. 2 and 3. Research Information Series on Ecosystems (RISE). ERDB, College 4031, Laguna, Philippines.
[ESRI] Environmental Systems Research Institute. 1995–2017. ArcGIS Help Library, Berkeley, CA.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 1976. A Framework for Land Evaluation. Rome: FAO.
GALANG MA. 2010. GIS-Aided Suitability Assessment of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve (MFR), Philippines for Smooth Narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.). USRM R&D 18(1): 67–72.
HLÁSNY T, KOČICKÝ D, MARETTA M, SITKOVÁ Z, BARKA I, KONÔPKA M, HLAVATÁ H. 2015. Effect of deforestation on watershed water balance: hydrological modelling-based approach. Lesn Cas For J 61: 89–100.
JOHNSON MP, BEDELL T. 2002. Watershed function. Agriculture and Natural Resources 10(1): 1–4.
KARA C, DORATLI N. 2012. Application of GIS/AHP in siting sanitary landfill: a case study in Northern Cyprus. Waste Management and Research 30(9): 966–980.
KLISKEY AD, LOFROTH EC, THOMPSON WA, BROWN S, SCHREIER H. 1999. Simulating and evaluating alternative resource-use strategies using GIS-based habitat suitability indices. Landscape and Urban Planning 45(4): 163–175.
KOZLOWSKI TT, KRAMER PJ, PALLARD SG. 1991. The physiological ecology of woody plants. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc.
LIU J, LI J, LIU J, CAO R. 2008. Integrated GIS/AHP-based flood risk assessment: a case study of Huaihe River Basin in China. Journal of Natural Disasters 17: 110–114.
[NRC] National Research Council. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
PALIJON AM. 2018. Foundation of silviculture. Lecture Manual: Silvics. College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños.
PERAS RJJ, PULHIN JM, LASCO RD, CRUZ RVO, PULHIN FB. 2008. Climate variability and extremes in the Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed, Philippines: assessment of impacts and adaptation practices. Journal of Environmental Science and Management 11(2): 14–31.
[PhilRice] Philippine Rice Research Institute. 2014. Soil Series Information System. Muñoz, Philippines: Information Systems Division.
PULHIN JM, PERAS RJJ, CRUZ RVO, LASCO RD, PULHIN FB, TAPIA MA. 2006. Vulnerability of communities to climate variability and extremes: the Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed in the Philippines. Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (44): 1–37.
SAATY TL. 1980. The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw Hill.
SANDOVAL JA, TIBURAN CL. 2019. Identification of potential groundwater recharge sites in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Applied Geography 105: 73–85.
SARMIENTO RT, CASAS JV. 2015. GIS-aided suitability assessment of Mt. Mayapay Watershed in Butuan City, Agusan del Norte. Annals of Studies in Science and Humanities 1(1): 46–60.
SHUKLA S. 2004. Watersheds: functions and management. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension. p. 1–5.